Category
Endoscopy Diagnostic
Typical Use
Collect lower respiratory tract fluid for microbiology and cytology.
Description
A sterile set of syringes, suction traps, and sterile saline used during bronchoscopy to instill and aspirate aliquots of sterile fluid into distal airways, retrieving cellular and microbiologic material from the alveolar space for diagnosis of pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, and opportunistic infections. BAL technique requires careful volume selection, gentle suctioning to avoid alveolar collapse, and immediate specimen transport to laboratory services for culture, cytology, and special stains; interpretation integrates clinical context and imaging findings. BAL is particularly useful in immunocompromised patients and for diagnosing atypical pathogens or diffuse parenchymal processes, but carries risks such as hypoxia and bleeding that necessitate monitoring and experienced operators. Coordination with laboratory protocols for specimen handling and rapid communication of critical results supports timely therapy adjustments.